{"id":2220,"date":"2021-03-12T12:37:08","date_gmt":"2021-03-12T05:37:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/olinesia.com\/wp\/?p=2220"},"modified":"2021-03-12T13:55:37","modified_gmt":"2021-03-12T06:55:37","slug":"geothermal-casing-and-wellhead","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/olinesia.com\/wp\/geothermal-casing-and-wellhead\/","title":{"rendered":"GEOTHERMAL CASING AND WELLHEAD"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u2022 Subsurface rock and fluid conditions.<br>\u2022 Depths of casings and well completion.<br>\u2022 Casing specification and cementing materials and programs<br>\u2022 Wellhead specification<br>\u2022 Drilling fluids, drill string assemblies<br>\u2022 The necessary drilling tools and equipment.<br>The Purpose of casing<br>Prevention of loose formation material from collapsing into and blocking the hole.<br>\u2022 Provision of anchorage or support for drilling and the final wellhead.<br>\u2022 Containment of well fluids and pressures.<br>\u2022 Prevention of ingress or loss of fluid into or from the well, and \u201ccommunication\u201d or leakage of fluids between different aquifers.<br>To counter losses of drilling fluid circulation during drilling.<br>\u2022 Protection of the well and formation against erosion, corrosion, fracturing and breakdown<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"436\" height=\"643\" src=\"https:\/\/olinesia.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1615348383068.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2221\" srcset=\"https:\/\/olinesia.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1615348383068.jpg 436w, https:\/\/olinesia.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1615348383068-203x300.jpg 203w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 436px) 100vw, 436px\" \/><figcaption>Well Schematic<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>WELLHEADS<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The permanent wellhead components include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Casing Head Flange (CHF) usually, and preferably, attached to the top of the Anchor casing \u2013 but in some instances is attached directly to the top of the production casing. The casing head flange may incorporate side outlets to which side valve are attached.<\/li><li>Double flanged Expansion \/ Adaptor spool. Side outlets may be incorporated in the expansion spool (as an alternative to those on the CHF).<\/li><li>Master Valve<br>A typical wellhead assembly for a \u2018Standard\u2019 well completed with an 8\u00bd\u201d diameter production hole section, 95\/8\u201d production casing and 133\/8\u201d anchor casing is illustrated schematically in Figure 3 below.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"411\" height=\"479\" src=\"https:\/\/olinesia.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1615348685954.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2222\" srcset=\"https:\/\/olinesia.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1615348685954.jpg 411w, https:\/\/olinesia.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1615348685954-257x300.jpg 257w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 411px) 100vw, 411px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The wellhead should be designed to comply with codes of practice for pressure vessels or boilers, and in accordance with API Spec. 6A \u2013 and most importantly, rated for the maximum pressure \/ temperature exposure possible at the surface under static or flowing conditions. The fluid at the wellhead may be water, saturated steam, superheated steam, cold gas, or mixtures of some of these fluids. Due to the column of fluid in the well, surface conditions cannot equate to downhole values, but in some circumstances can approach downhole conditions closely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Reference : Hagen Hole, 2008: Geothermal Well design-Casing and Wellhead, Petroleum Engineering Summer School<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u2022 Subsurface rock and fluid conditions.\u2022 Depths of casings and well completion.\u2022 Casing specification and cementing materials and programs\u2022 Wellhead specification\u2022 Drilling fluids, drill string assemblies\u2022 The necessary drilling tools&hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2221,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":[],"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","footnotes":""},"categories":[19,21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2220","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-article","category-editors-pick"],"views":248,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/olinesia.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2220","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/olinesia.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/olinesia.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/olinesia.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/olinesia.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2220"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/olinesia.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2220\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2223,"href":"https:\/\/olinesia.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2220\/revisions\/2223"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/olinesia.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2221"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/olinesia.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2220"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/olinesia.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2220"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/olinesia.com\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2220"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}